सौर्यमण्डल(Solar System)

Solar planets.jpg
सौर्यमण्डल एक खगोलिय प्रणाली हो, जसको केन्द्रमा रहेको तारालाई ग्रहहरू तथा उल्का पिण्डहरूले परिक्रमा गर्दछन। सबै भन्दा प्रशिद्ध सौर्यमण्डल त्यो हो जहाँ मानवहरू रहेका छन, पृथ्वी रहेको छ। पृथ्वीले सूर्यको वरिपरि एक अण्डाकार कक्ष, जुन लगभग चक्राकार छ, मा परिक्रमा गर्दछ। अरु ग्रहहरूले पनि सूर्यको वरिपरि अण्डाकार कक्षमा परिक्रमा गर्दछन।

ग्रह

सूर्यको वरिपरि घुम्ने सबैभन्दा ठुला पिण्डहरूलाई ग्रह भनिन्छ। दुरविनका सहायताले गहन खोज गरि ग्रहहरू पत्ता लगाउन मानिसहरूलाई कयौँ वर्ष लागेको थियो। कुनै ठुला ग्रहहरू पत्ता नलागेको धेरै वर्ष भईसक्यो, तर साना पिण्डहरू भने हरेक वर्ष धेरै पत्ता लाग्ने गरेको छ।

यम (प्लुटो) अब ग्रह रहेन

यमलाई ग्रह भनिन थालेको करिब सय वर्ष भईसक्यो। सन २००६ मा खगोलशास्त्रीहरूले यसको सानो आकारका कारण यसलाई ग्रहबाट अबोन्नति गरि फुच्चेग्रह वा सानो-ग्रहको दर्जा दिए। यसो गर्नाको अर्को कारण यसको कक्ष हो, जुन अरु ८ ग्रहहरूको भन्दा निक्कै भिन्न छ।
हाल यम, सेरेस र एरिस समेतलाई फुच्चे-ग्रह वा सानो-ग्रह भनिन्छ।

सौर्यमण्डलिय पिण्डहरूको क्रम

हाम्रो सौर्यमण्डलमा जम्मा ८ ग्रह, ३ साना ग्रह र अन्य ठूला पिण्डहरू सूर्यको परिक्रमा गर्दछन। सूर्यबाट दुरिको आधारमा क्रममा पिण्डहरू यस प्रकार रहेका छन्:
  • बुध
  • शुक्र
  • पृथ्वी
  • मंगल
  • क्षुद्रग्रह पेटी
  • सेरेस
  • बृहस्पति
  • शनि
  • अरूणग्रह
  • बरूण
  • यमग्रह
  • एरिस
  • कुइपर पेटी
  • पुच्छ्रे तारा
अन्य धेरै बस्तुहरूले सूर्यको परिक्रमा गर्दछन र तिनिहरू सबै सौर्यमण्डलकै भाग हुन। उदाहरणको लागि, क्षुद्रग्रह पेटी, एक यस्तो क्षेत्रहो जहाँ धेरै ढुङ्गाहरू छन्। यिनिहरू ग्रहहरू भन्दा निक्कै साना छन्। कतिपय त एक किलोमिटर भन्दा छोटो व्यास भएकापनि छन्।

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